Deskripsi
Walaupun AL AS sudah mempunyai keinginan sangat lama untuk platform pengintaian dan survey udara, ternyata membutuhkan waktu yang lama untuk mewujudkan sebuah pesawat pengintai yang dapat beroperasi pada kapal induk. Meskipun demikian, diperlukan beberapa tahun lagi agar komputer mempunyai kekuatan yang cukup sehingga mampu mencari (tracking) dan memproses lebih dari satu target pada satu waktu. Keinginan ini akhirnya terwujud ketika Grunman dinyatakan sebagai pemenang kontrak AL untuk membuat pesawat peringatan awal dan kontrol udara (airborne early warning and control=AWACS).
Desain Grumman terdapat mesin turboprop kembar yang dipasang di bawah sayap yang dipasang-tinggi. Bodi pesawat yang panjang dapat diawaki oleh lima orang, termasuk tiga spesialis misi. Terdapat "radom" berputar besar yang dipasang pada tiang di atas "juncture" sayap. Untuk mengatasi aliran udara di sekitar "radome", pada ekornya terpasang empat sirip pada ekor horizontal dengan dihedral signifikan. Desain ini pertama kali terbang pada 1960, awalnya dikenal sebagai W2F-1, tetapi kemudian diberi nama E-2A Hawkeye sebelum mulai beroperasi.
AL menerima 59 pesawat E-2A pada 1967, tetapi segera diupgrade menjadi E-2B standar dengan pemasangan komputer prosesing yang lebih kuat dan peralatan pengisian bahan bakar udara. Tak berapa lama kemudian, Grumman mulai memproduksi model E-2C baru yang termasuk di dalamnya sustem avionic yang jauh lebih canggih dan mesin yang lebih bertenaga. Pesawat-pesawat ini terus diupgrade secara kontinu dengan radar dan sensor baru, sistem avionic yang lebh canggih, peralatan processing yang lebih baik dan upgrade software yang memungkinkan pesawat ini untuk melakukan tracking terhadap 250 target dan mengkontrol 30 pesawat interceptor pada waktu bersamaan.
Dalam rangka untuk melindungi armada AS, E-2 juga digunakan oleh agen badan hukum untuk melacak peredaran narkoba. E-2 juga popular di AL Prancis dan beberapa negara lain. Sekitar 150 pesawat E-2C Hawkeyes sedang dibuat dengan produksi berkecepatan rendah (low-rate production). Sebuah varian baru yang disebut E-2D dengan peralatan elektronik baru juga sedang dalam proses pengembangan.
HISTORY:
First Flight: (W2F-1) 21 October 1961, (E-2C) 20 January 1971
Service Entry: (E-2A) 19 January 1964; (E-2C) November 1973
CREW: 2 pilots, 1 radar operator, 1 air control officer, 1 combat information center officer
ESTIMATED COST: $51 million
AIRFOIL SECTIONS:
Wing Root: NACA 63A216
Wing Tip: NACA 63A414
DIMENSIONS:
Length: 57.56 ft (17.54 m)
Wingspan: 80.58 ft (24.56 m)
Height: 18.31 ft (5.58 m)
Wing Area: 700.0 ft2 (65.03 m2)
Canard Area: not applicable
WEIGHTS:
Empty: 37,945 lb (17,210 kg)
Normal Takeoff: unknown
Max Takeoff: 51,815 lb (23,505 kg)
Fuel Capacity: 19,015 lb (8,625 kg)
Max Payload: unknown
PROPULSION:
Powerplant: two Allison T56-425 turboprops
Thrust: 9,820 ehp (7,322 kW)
PERFORMANCE:
Max Level Speed: at altitude: 390 mph (625 km/h); at sea level: unknown
cruise speed: 310 mph (500 km/h)
Initial Climb Rate: unknown
Service Ceiling: 36,955 ft (11,275 m)
Range: typical: 1,500 nm (2,780 km); ferry: 1,540 nm (2,850 km)
Endurance: 6 hr 15 min
g-Limits: unknown .
ARMAMENT: None
KNOWN VARIANTS:
W2F-1: Original designation for the E-2
E-2A: Initial production model; 59 built
TE-2A: E-2 trainers modified from E-2A airframes; 2 converted
E-2B: Designation for upgraded E-2A airframes modified with an improved computer and inflight-refueling capability
E-2C: Improved model with far more capable avionics; over 150 built by 2000
TE-2C: Trainer model based on the E-2C; 2 built
E-2C+: Upgrade currently being applied to US aircraft including improvements to the radar, software updates, and installation of more powerful engines
E-2D: New build model equipped with an improved radar system, new workstations, better satellite communications gear, and advanced cockpit displays; 75 to be built from 2009 to 2020
E-2T: Former E-2B aircraft upgraded for use by Taiwan; 6 converted
C-2 Greyhound: Ship-to-shore transport aircraft derived from the E-2 airframe
KNOWN COMBAT RECORD:
Vietnam War (USN, 1965-1972)
Lebanon (Israel, 1982)
Libya - Operation El Dorado Canyon (USAF, 1986)
Iraq - Operation Desert Storm (USN, 1991)
Bosnia - Operation Deliberate Force (USAF, 1995)
Afghanistan - Operation Enduring Freedom (USN, 2001-present)
Iraq - Operation Iraqi Freedom (USN, 2003-present)
KNOWN OPERATORS:
Egypt, Al Quwwat al Jawwiya il Misriya (Egyptian Air Force)
France, AĆ©ronautique Navale (French Naval Air Arm)
Israel, Tsvah Haganah le Israel - Heyl Ha'Avir (Israeli Defence Force - Air Force)
Japan, Nihon Koku-Jieitai (Japan Air Self Defence Force)
Singapore (Republic of Singapore Air Force)
Taiwan, Chung-Kuo Kung Chuan (Republic of China Air Force)
United States (US Navy)
Powerplant: two Allison T56-425 turboprops
Thrust: 9,820 ehp (7,322 kW)
PERFORMANCE:
Max Level Speed: at altitude: 390 mph (625 km/h); at sea level: unknown
cruise speed: 310 mph (500 km/h)
Initial Climb Rate: unknown
Service Ceiling: 36,955 ft (11,275 m)
Range: typical: 1,500 nm (2,780 km); ferry: 1,540 nm (2,850 km)
Endurance: 6 hr 15 min
g-Limits: unknown .
ARMAMENT: None
KNOWN VARIANTS:
W2F-1: Original designation for the E-2
E-2A: Initial production model; 59 built
TE-2A: E-2 trainers modified from E-2A airframes; 2 converted
E-2B: Designation for upgraded E-2A airframes modified with an improved computer and inflight-refueling capability
E-2C: Improved model with far more capable avionics; over 150 built by 2000
TE-2C: Trainer model based on the E-2C; 2 built
E-2C+: Upgrade currently being applied to US aircraft including improvements to the radar, software updates, and installation of more powerful engines
E-2D: New build model equipped with an improved radar system, new workstations, better satellite communications gear, and advanced cockpit displays; 75 to be built from 2009 to 2020
E-2T: Former E-2B aircraft upgraded for use by Taiwan; 6 converted
C-2 Greyhound: Ship-to-shore transport aircraft derived from the E-2 airframe
KNOWN COMBAT RECORD:
Vietnam War (USN, 1965-1972)
Lebanon (Israel, 1982)
Libya - Operation El Dorado Canyon (USAF, 1986)
Iraq - Operation Desert Storm (USN, 1991)
Bosnia - Operation Deliberate Force (USAF, 1995)
Afghanistan - Operation Enduring Freedom (USN, 2001-present)
Iraq - Operation Iraqi Freedom (USN, 2003-present)
KNOWN OPERATORS:
Egypt, Al Quwwat al Jawwiya il Misriya (Egyptian Air Force)
France, AĆ©ronautique Navale (French Naval Air Arm)
Israel, Tsvah Haganah le Israel - Heyl Ha'Avir (Israeli Defence Force - Air Force)
Japan, Nihon Koku-Jieitai (Japan Air Self Defence Force)
Singapore (Republic of Singapore Air Force)
Taiwan, Chung-Kuo Kung Chuan (Republic of China Air Force)
United States (US Navy)
Sebelumnya diposting pada 9 Juni 2008 di www.bluefame.com
kenapa indonesia gak beli e-2d advanced hawkeye saja
BalasHapus